Lol,I remember when I first dropped the 427 in my '69 it had a wide ratio T-10 4 speed and a 3.08 ten bolt one wheel go rear end.
The car could do about 70mph in first gear and it would easily smoke the the one tire through third gear.
Never did it through 4th because it was getting scary fast out of control in third lol.
I must have left some burnout marks a half mile long with that thing he he.

 

I'd say you have a turbo 350 those came stock in most of the camaros around that time, i have a 78 camaro also and i'm about to change out the 305 for a 350, and the turbo 350 tranny will work with the engine. Also you probably have a 2.73 rearend. if you put a 373 posi track you will gain acceleration but it could stress your engine on the highway.

 

There is a inexpensive and easy fix for the one tire wonder. You can install a Power Trax Locker. They run under $400 and anyone with even basuc car knowledge can follow instructions and change the non-posi rearend to a Powertrax that will give you everything a posi has, and not require any setup at all.
Another benefit it they have no clutches, so they lock up better than the std. posi rearend. I've had one in my 427ci 71 Camaro for 20 years, and it's still working perfectly.