i'm just starting to get into the car scene and when i read articles about building motors they always mention total degree's of timing and i've noticed it's always 36 or a high number like that but when i look at my timing cover and look at the degree numbers the highest number is 12 could someone give me a answer that i could understand

 

As engine speed increases, spark timing needs to be advanced to give the fuel mixture enough time to burn completely. The amount of advance is controlled by the distributor or by the computer and varies according to engine speed and load. The timing marks on the front cover are used to set the initial timing at idle speed, and no load. The initial timing typically ranges between0-14 deg. before top dead center, depending on engine type and needs. Maximum sparks advance, usually 30-40 deg. takes place somewheres over 2500-3500 RPM, again depending on engine type and needs. You can observe the max advance with a timing light, or ascan tool.